华楠：这节课，Martti Malmi会跟我们聊一聊比特币网络的相关问题。

导语：首先要感谢你为比特币做了这么多伟大的事，那么你如何看待创造比特币网络这件事呢？

Martti：Well I believe that every peaceful individual should have X control over their own life. And money is pretty important in every person's life. And if someone else controls your money, you don't have control over your own life, so I wanted to create an alternative to the currencies that we already have.

我认为每个人都应该掌控自己的人生。而对于每个人而言，金钱都是十分重要的。但是如果有人控制了你的钱，你就没法掌控自己的生活了。所以我想创造一套货币来取代现有的货币。

导语：未来你希望比特币取代现有的所有货币吗？

Martti：It's possible that the traditional currencies will diminish. I don't think bitcoin is going to replace everything. I believe that cryptocurrencies are the future, and whether it's bitcoin or something else remains to be seen. And I believe we will have more competition of currencies when we move on to systems. That'll allow for instantaneous exchange of one block chain currency to another. That way we can have perfect competition on over-conducted network effect. Not favorable to biggest players.

传统的货币有可能会消失。但我不认为比特币会取代一切。我相信未来是加密货币的世界，至于是比特币还是其他币，还有待观察。我相信到系统化的时候我们会看到更多货币竞争。到时人们可以随时切换区块链货币。如此我们就有了完美的竞争机制。一切是公平的，巨头们占不着便宜。

导语：在建设比特币网络初期，你有没有想过这个货币的规模会变得如此之大？

Martti：I recognized the theoretical possibility that bitcoin could become huge, but we have never seen anything like bitcoin before, so there was no appreciation in them. It was just a theory in my mind.

我意识到比特币在理论上有可能规模变大，但我们以前没有接触过这样的东西，所以觉得不太可能实现。它只是我脑海里的一个理论。

导语：九年来比特币有什么变化？据你所知，现在的变化是什么？

Martti：I guess the basic sort of the technology has remained pretty much the same. Of course the block chain has been clocked with transactions at times. And people at the community are very much different, they are the ideological people BACK IN THE DAYS. So now the community is more about… First it was about mining, and now it's about speculation and ICOs and getting rich quick. It’s great that there are incentive mechanisms that have made bitcoin and XX so popular. So I guess that should not be just dismissed as something unwanted.

我认为科技本身基本没什么变化。当然有时区块链会与交易相联系。社群中的人就很不一样了。九年前的人是注重思想的一群人。现在的人不太一样。以前注重矿池，现在则是关于猜想，首次货币发布和快速致富。能有一些让比特币变得流行的激励机制是件很棒的事。所以我觉得那不应该直接扔掉。

导语：人们常批评说比特币网络耗能太多。有解决办法吗？

Martti：The excess heat is going to be used for purposes like heating of houses, green houses or whatever that needs heating in places like Siberia or Finland, maybe even China in the winter. I hear it can get cold here. So discreet heating and whatever you can do.

多余的热量将用于房屋供暖，如温室，或者西伯利亚和芬兰那边需要供暖的地方。甚至中国在冬天也能用得上。我听说这边冬天挺冷的。所以加热或者别的什么都行。

导语：下一个问题是，很多人说比特币不完全是匿名的，有些真实身份和钱包地址是可追溯的。那你怎么看比特币可追溯的问题？

Martti：I guess untraceable transactions will definitely add to be the cost value. Maybe that can be done with something like lightning network, I don’t know. Or maybe the protocol can be upgraded at some point if there are advancements in that sector. I guess X cash approach is maybe too heavy handed or difficult to implement.

我猜想不可追溯的交易一定会增加成本价值。也许我们可以用闪电网络之类的东西来实现它，我不太清楚。又或许等到那个领域有了进展后某一时刻我们可以将协议升级。我猜X cash的方法会很难执行。

导语：很多人说将智能合约用于区块链科技能获得巨大进步。你有没有想过将智能合约用于比特币网络？

Martti：There is a big project called X stock or RSK token, that's what they are doing. They have Ethereum compatible smart contracts while they are linking it to the bitcoin block chain. As far as I know that has just launched some time ago. So that would be interesting to look into. But for the bitcoin network itself, I am not going to push for any more complexity with smart contracts.

有个大型项目叫做RSK代币，这是他们现在做的。像以太坊有做可兼容的智能合约并于比特币区块链相连。据我所知那个启动已经有段时间了。应该是个很有意思的东西。但是就比特币网络本身而言，我不打算再用智能合约让它变得更复杂了。

导语：比特币网络现在可以支持现实的商业应用吗？

Martti：The bitcoin network is already supporting tons of commercial applications and it's the most widely accepted cryptocurrency out there. I guess it's the same can be said about maybe the Ethereum or light coin or dogicoin or something like that. I appreciate the fact that bitcoin is actually accepted in the real world, although the transaction fees makes it inconvenient at the moment.

比特币网络已经在支撑不计其数的商业应用了。它是最受欢迎的加密货币。我猜未来可能以太坊，XX或XX也可能如此。我很高兴看到现实世界对比特币的接纳，尽管目前交易费用会带来不便。

导语：在比特币诞生初期，你是只想创造一种纯粹的虚拟币，一种加密货币，单纯的货币，而不是其他东西吗？

Martti：I very much hope that bitcoin is going to be a payment system with lightning network which is already functioning what the usual interfaces need some improvement. Looking forward to buying coffee with bitcoin again. Make bitcoin great again.

我很希望比特币能成为一种支付系统，其中有运转良好的闪电网络，不过交互界面需要改进。希望以后能再用比特币买咖啡，希望比特币能再现辉煌。

导语：政府会不会因为区块链的匿名性而禁止它呢？有可能吗？

Martti：Well I don't think bitcoin's anonymity, or the level of anonymity, the sort of anonymity that the bitcoin currently over us is a threat to any government. Maybe even cash money is something more of a black market money. Of course you can forbid something like bitcoin, depending on which country you are talking about. Not about the effect because of its decentralized nature. I think it's always the easiest to recognize the exchange on the point where bitcoin miss the real world.

我不认为比特币的匿名性或者说匿名的程度能威胁到任何政府。即便是现金也有匿名性，如黑市。禁止比特币当然是有可能的，不过要看是哪个政府。但这跟它的去中心化本质是没有关系的。我认为正是因为与现实世界不同，所以比特币能轻易实现交易。

导语：那么你对未来五年内比特币价格有什么预期吗？

Martti：My expectation is that it will be higher than today. Maybe orders of manages it higher if it's successful. Satoshi once said that bitcoin will be worth very much or nothing one day. And I think five years is a long enough scope to make that prediction happen.

我认为比特币价格会升高。如果做得好就一定会升。中本聪说过，总有一天比特币会很值钱，也可能一文不值。我觉得五年的跨度足够使这个语言实现了。

导语：有人说比特币网络是一种投机工具，你怎么看？

Martti：I am not very into speculation, and I guess it's a form of gambling. But it's part of the system an you can't prevent it. Anyway you just have to accept the way it is. And maybe some arguments are for that speculation is actually good because it increases the liquidity of the market.

我对投机不太了解，我觉得那像是一种赌博。不过这是系统的一部分，无法避免。你只能接受。也许有人觉得投机是好的，因为它增加了市场的流动性。

导语：依然有人说中本聪这个人和区块链都是加密技术骗局。它是与政府背道而驰的。那么在创建比特币网络和区块链一开始就是与政府，与监管相悖的吗？

Martti：Well I don't think the point of bitcoin is to be against anything. I would say bitcoin is for a self-honor ship of your money and your life. I don't think they are goals that anyone would oppose.

 我不认为比特币与什么东西相悖。我想说比特币是为人们的财富和人生而创建的。我不觉得有人会反对它。

导语：你如何看待比特币的扩张，你认为扩张到哪种程度是合适的？

Martti：Well of course these are just the estimations, but you could compare to the market a couple of gold which I think is a rather reasonable comparison. Of course gold has been out there a much longer time, and it has its history. But bitcoin is in essence better than gold, so why not if it could surpass gold in value? WHO KNOWS.

当然了，这些都是估计，不过你可以同黄金比较一下。我觉得这种比较还算靠谱。当然黄金出现的早得多，也有自己的历史。但是比特币比黄金要好，也许它的价值会超过黄金，谁知道呢？

Of course Turing completeness of smart contracts adds a lot of value to them, but it also opens up unexpected risks and complexity in the system. So of course there is a tradeoff again, you can have Ethereum with its Turing complete possibly unpredictable contract system. We could have bitcoin up… Maybe you can call multi-signature, or the capability that bitcoin already has, the smart contracts in a way, if you like.

智能合约的图灵完备当然会增加他们的价值，但是同时也可能给系统带来不可预计的风险和复杂性。所以又要进行权衡。以太坊有图灵完备，但也可能有不可预测的合约系统。你可能会遇到混乱的多个签名，或者比特币已有的所谓智能合约之类的。

导语：在创建比特币网络初期你有没有想过建造自己的加密货币交易体系？

Martti：But making money was not the point for me at that time, unfortunately. I used to run my site bitcoin exchange. Com, but for a while I just wanted it a means for people to get bitcoins into their hands. Unfortunately I wasn’t caring about making a profit and actually I lost one of bitcoins via the exchange site.

当时我的心思并不在赚钱上。我也运营过自己的比特币交易网站，但那只是用来分发比特币的手段。当时我并不想着赚钱，甚至还少了比特币。

导语：比特币网络有什么安全缺陷吗？如果有，你的解决办法是什么？

Martti：If I know I would attempt to fix them. But I am not currently focusing on bitcoin. So I don't have special insights on that one.

如果我知道，我会试着修复。但是目前我没有在做比特币，所以我没什么想法。

导语：BCA最近遭受了攻击，比特币网络安全会遭到威胁吗？

Martti：I am hoping that bitcoin is so big that no minor has the incentive to do such a thing. And they would have even legal repercussions that were to happen. But who knows? I hope the incentives are against that.

我希望比特币会做得很大，大到没有人敢于涉足这一领域。到时甚至可能会有法律来阻止有人插手。谁知道呢？我希望激励制度能防止那种事的发生。

华楠：下节课，我们会与Martti Malmi 聊一聊关于去中心化的加密货币交易等问题。

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