美国的多名研究者定量评估了人、机器人以及环境等三大因素在人机交互中对信任的影响，研究发现与机器人自身相关的因素，尤其是它们的性能（如可靠性、误警率和故障率等）对信任有很大影响，而与机器人特性相连的因素（如亲近性、机器人个性、拟人化等）则仅有相对较小的影响。另外，环境因素对信任有适度影响，而很少有证据表明与人相关的因素会对信任产生影响。

【文章全文】A Meta-Analysis of Factors Affecting Trust in Human-Robot Interaction

Objective: We evaluate and quantify the effects of human, robot, and environmental factors on perceived trust in human-robot interaction (HRI).

Background: To date, reviews of trust in HRI have been qualitative or descriptive. Our quantitative review provides a fundamental empirical foundation to advance both theory and practice.

Method: Meta-analytic methods were applied to the available literature on trust and HRI. A total of 29 empirical studies were collected, of which 10 met the selection criteria for correlational analysis and 11 for experimental analysis. These studies provided 69 correlational and 47 experimental effect sizes.

Results: The overall correlational effect size for trust was r– = +0.26, with an experimental effect size of d– = +0.71. The effects of human, robot, and environmental characteristics were examined with an especial evaluation of the robot dimensions of performance and attribute-based factors. The robot performance and attributes were the largest contributors to the development of trust in HRI. Environmental factors played only a moderate role.

Conclusion: Factors related to the robot itself, specifically, its performance, had the greatest current association with trust, and environmental factors were moderately associated. There was little evidence for effects of human-related factors.

Application: The findings provide quantitative estimates of human, robot, and environmental factors influencing HRI trust. Specifically, the current summary provides effect size estimates that are useful in establishing design and training guidelines with reference to robot-related factors of HRI trust. Furthermore, results indicate that improper trust calibration may be mitigated by the manipulation of robot design. However, many future research needs are identified.

Keywords: trust, trust development, robotics, human-robot team

【文章作者】Peter A. Hancock, Deborah R. Billings, and Kristin E. Schaefer, University of Central Florida, Jessie Y. C. Chen, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, and Ewart J. de Visser, and Raja Parasuraman, George Mason University

【文章来源】Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society

【原文链接】http://hfs.sagepub.com/content/53/5/517